The war in the Middle East, in addition to its human toll, has triggered spillovers that represent another major test for the global economy. At the same time, profound transformations in technology, demographics, and the environment continue creating complex challenges but also opportunities. In this highly uncertain environment, supporting macroeconomic stability and resilience remains essential to support private sector led investment and growth. This requires addressing fiscal and debt challenges, tackling global imbalances, lifting medium term growth prospects, and reinforcing core national economic institutions. And while trade uncertainty weighs on the outlook, building more resilient supply chains and diversifying trade relationships could also present opportunities.